Confidence Interval for a Mean When We Know Sigma

Certainty Interval for a Mean When We Know Sigma In inferential insights, one of the significant objectives is to assess anâ unknownâ populationâ parameter. You start with a factual example, and from this, you can decide a scope of qualities for the boundary. This scope of qualities is known as a certainty span. Certainty Intervals Certainty spans are generally like each other in a couple of ways. To begin with, numerous two-sided certainty spans have a similar structure: Gauge  ± Margin of Error Second, the means for computing certainty spans are fundamentally the same as, paying little heed to the sort of certainty stretch you are attempting to discover. The particular sort of certainty span that will be inspected underneath is a two-sided certainty stretch for a populace mean when you know the populace standard deviation. Additionally, accept that you are working with a populace that is typically conveyed. Certainty Interval for a Mean With a Known Sigma The following is a procedure to locate the ideal certainty span. Albeit the entirety of the means are significant, the first is especially so: Check conditions: Begin by guaranteeing that the conditions for your certainty span have been met. Accept that you know the estimation of the populace standard deviation, meant by the Greek letter sigma ÏÆ'. Likewise, accept a typical distribution.Calculate gauge: Estimate the populace boundary for this situation, the populace mean-by utilization of a measurement, which in this issue is the example mean. This includes shaping a basic irregular example from the populace. Now and again, you can assume that your example is a straightforward arbitrary example, regardless of whether it doesn't meet the exacting definition.Critical esteem: Obtain the basic worth z* that compares with your certainty level. These qualities are found by counseling a table of z-scores or by utilizing the product. You can utilize a z-score table since you know the estimation of the populace standard deviation, and you accept that the populace is typically circulated. Regular basic qualities are 1.645 for a 90- percent certainty level, 1.960 for a 95-percent certainty level, and 2.576 for a 99-percent certainty level. Room for give and take: Calculate the wiggle room z* ÏÆ'/√n, where n is the size of the straightforward arbitrary example that you formed.Conclude: Finish by assembling the gauge and safety buffer. This can be communicated as either Estimate  ± Margin of Error or as Estimate - Margin of Error to Estimate Margin of Error. Make certain to unmistakably express the degree of certainty that is connected to your certainty stretch. Model To perceive how you can develop a certainty span, work through a model. Assume you realize that the IQ scores of all approaching school green bean are ordinarily appropriated with standard deviation of 15. You have a basic irregular example of 100 green beans, and the mean IQ score for this example is 120. Locate a 90-percent certainty span for the mean IQ score for the whole populace of approaching school green beans. Work through the means that were laid out above: Check conditions: The conditions have been met since you have been informed that the populace standard deviation is 15 and that you are managing a typical distribution.Calculate gauge: You have been informed that you have a basic arbitrary example of size 100. The mean IQ for this example is 120, so this is your estimate.Critical esteem: The basic incentive for certainty level of 90 percent is given by z* 1.645.Margin of blunder: Use the room for mistakes recipe and acquire a blunder ofâ z* ÏÆ'/√n (1.645)(15)/√(100) 2.467.Conclude: Conclude by assembling everything. A 90-percent certainty stretch for the population’s mean IQ score is 120  ± 2.467. On the other hand, you could express this certainty stretch as 117.5325 to 122.4675. Commonsense Considerations Certainty time frames above sort are not exceptionally practical. It is extremely uncommon to know the populace standard deviation yet not have the foggiest idea about the populace mean. There are ways that this ridiculous suspicion can be evacuated. While you have expected an ordinary conveyance, this supposition doesn't have to hold. Decent examples, which display no solid skewness or have any anomalies, alongside an enormous enough example size, permit you to conjure as far as possible hypothesis. Thus, you are defended in utilizing a table of z-scores, in any event, for populaces that are not regularly circulated.

Uncle Dan Essay Example For Students

Uncle Dan Essay The odd notions addressed were all common among kids and slavesin the West at the time of this story that is to state, thirty or fortyyears prior. Imprint Twain Hartford, 1876 Dealing with the job of enchantment in HF,Daniel Hoffman asserts an inconspicuous enthusiastic complex ties togethersuperstition: slaves: childhood opportunity in Mark Twains mind.1We know howTwain felt about childhood opportunity his sentimentality for it lead him to some of hisfinest composing, and it loans its appeal to his most suffering works, TheAdventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. How Twain felttoward slaves is increasingly equivocal. In his collection of memoirs Twain composed of UncleDanl, the man on whom the character Jim was based, that hissympathies were wide and warm and that his heart was honestand basic and knew no trickiness (Autob., 2.) To the time spent on his unclesfarm in Florida, Missouri Twain credited his solid preference for his race andappreciation of sure of its fine characteristics (Autob.,3.) To the late-twentieth-century peruser, obviously, Twains treatment of blacksis very dangerous. Jims character presents numerous challenges are weto consider Jim the man who aches for his family even as he valiantly runsaway from them or the idiot who picks up big name among the slaves for a story heinvents and accepts? How could Twain permit Jim to affirm his human respect onthe pontoon, at that point subject him to a progression of gross mortifications at the Phelps farm?Definitive responses to these inquiries are incomprehensible. Anyway they and the factthat they should stay uncertain influence all determinations we make about Twain andhis dark characters. In thinking about notion, the third piece of thistriangular relationship, we are again left with inquiries regarding Twainsfeelings. In Form and Fable in American Fiction, Daniel Hoffman composes thatTwains regular supposition that will be that white people of any status higher thantrash li ke Pap have little information on, and no faith in, strange notion 2Superstition is fundamentally for slaves and young men. It is critical to take note of that withinthe system of Huck Finn, separating a thing from white culture is by nomeans throwing it in poor light. Truth be told when put under the investigation of Huckshonest portrayal, white culture endures severely. Miss Watson, thoughgood, is unforgiving and cruel. The King and Duke think nothing oftricking the Wilks young ladies out of their legacy; even the Grangerfords, whoare quality, participate in a horrendous and destructive fight. The brutalitiesthat Huck observes Bucks slaughtering, Boggs murder are submitted by whites. We will compose a custom paper on Uncle Dan explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In spite of the fact that Pap has strange notions, society convictions in the story have a place with Huck andJim, the characters we most trust. While occurrences like Jim asking benevolence fromthe phantom Huck and Nat and the witch pie are unmistakably planned tomake the peruser giggle at the numbness of the devotees, would we say we are not by one way or another leftin the end with the possibility that the ardent supporters of odd notion are somehowsafer than their Christian partners? In The Adventures of Tom Sawyer aboy of German parentage retains eight or ten thousand book of scriptures sections butgoes frantic from the exertion. In Huck Finn the Shepherdsons and Grangerfords go tochurch with their weapons. On the opposite side, the slaves originate from allaround to see the five penny piece which they and Jim accept was given tohim by the demon. We as perusers realize that the slaves have been tricked by theirown strange notion and by Toms evil, yet are we persuaded that they a re worseoff than the individuals at the camp gathering who give an aggregate of $87.75 to thatscoundrel, the King, for his crucial the Indian Ocean?Bibliography1. Daniel G. Hoffman, Jims Magic: Black or White?. AmericanLiterature XXXII March 1960, pp. 47-54. back to content 2. Daniel G. Hoffman, Formand Fable in American Fiction. Oxford University Press. New York, 1965.

Pawtucket

Pawtucket Pawtucket p?t?k ´?t [key], city (1990 pop. 72,644), Providence co., NE R.I., on the Blackstone River at Pawtucket Falls; settled 1671, inc. 1885 after the eastern section (which was part of Massachusetts until 1862) was merged with the western section into a Rhode Island town. Pawtucket has been a textile center since Samuel Slater built the nation's first successful water-powered cotton mill there in 1793. A dam built along the river in 1790 provides the electric power for the city. Among the city's manufactures are jewelry and silverware, metals, and specialty textiles. The area, deeded to Roger Williams in 1638, was a haven for religious freedom in New England. Pawtucket's first settler was an ironworker who established (1671) a forge at the falls. Metalworks and sawmills sprang up, and after Slater erected his cotton mill on the banks of the river, the textile industry boomed. After World War II, when much of the textile manufacturing moved south, Pawtucket shared the decline of many New England towns. The city has since regained its small industrial status. Of principal interest is the 1793 Slater mill, now a museum. Some two dozen former textile mills now form an arts district. Many tourist and recreational sites are in the area. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Film Analysis Of 12 Angry Men - 1946 Words

INTRODUCTION: 12 Angry Men is a 1957 American courtroom drama film adapted from a teleplay of the same name by Reginald Rose. Written and co-produced by Rose himself and directed by Sidney Lumet, this trial film tells the story of a jury made up of 12 men as they deliberate the guilt or acquittal of a defendant on the basis of reasonable doubt, forcing the jurors to question their morals and values. In the United States, a verdict in most criminal trials by jury must be unanimous. The film is notable for its almost exclusive use of one set: out of 96 minutes of run time, only three minutes take place outside of the jury room. 12 Angry Men explores many techniques of consensus-building and the difficulties encountered in the process, among†¦show more content†¦3rd Juror is the last to be convinced and only changes his mind once he realizes that he is only projecting his feelings about his own son onto the defendant. 4th Juror 4th Juror is a stock broker. He wears glasses and seems to handle himself with a very serious air. He deals with the facts of the case logically and concretely. 5th Juror 5th Juror works in a Harlem hospital and says that he himself has lived in the slums his entire life. This gives him insight into such details as the use of a switchblade. 6th Juror A house painter, he is happy that the case continues as it means he doesn’t have to work, but is hesitant to put a potential killer back on the streets. He sticks up for 9th Juror, an old man, and seems to be a respectful man. 7th Juror 7th Juror’s main concern in the case is whether or not it will end before his ball game, for which he has tickets. He sells marmalade and is generally indifferent to the case. He changes his vote to â€Å"not guilty† simply because the tide of opinion switches, and he wants the deliberations to be over. 8th Juror He is the only juror who votes â€Å"not guilty† at the first vote. He is discontent with the way the trial was handled and wants them to discuss the evidence in greater detail. Met with much opposition, he continues to advocate for the boy. We learn that he is an architect, by trade. 9th Juror 9th Juror is an old man. He respects 8th Juror s passion and sense of justice and quickly comes to his aidShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis: 12 Angry Men1479 Words   |  6 Pages12 Angry Men (1957) focuses on a group of unnamed jurymen who must come to a unanimous decision regarding the guilt or innocence of an 18-year-old charged with murdering his father. While the trial is not depicted in the film, the jury deliberations are the central focus and examine several aspects of organization change and the obstacles that must be overcome in order to come to a unanimous agreement over the guilt or innocence of the accused. 12 Angry Men (1957) is a good example of the differentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film 12 Angry Men 917 Words   |  4 Pagesthe team to reach its goals, the way in which communication is done can also affect the team’s progress. In the film â€Å"12 Angry Men†, many of the pros and cons of group communication are highlighted. An overarching and prominent theme of discussion in the movie is the impact that personality has on the way that individuals communicate with others. The members of the jury from the film run the gamut of communication and personality styles. Some team members are wise and empathetic, but there areRead More12 Angry Men Film Analysis711 Words   |  3 Pages12 Angry Men is an example of the role cinematography can play in creating the atmosphere of a film. This film is set almost entirely in one room, but is still able to construct extreme tension like few other films have been able to do. It establishes this partly through the brilliant dialogue and fiery performances of its twelve actors, but also through powerful use of cinematography that helps in creating the gradually-festering atmosphere of the film. The opening scene of 12 Angry Men is a low-angleRead More12 Angry Men Film Analysis1502 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: 12 Angry Men is a 1957 American courtroom drama film adapted from a teleplay of the same name by Reginald Rose. Written and co-produced by Rose himself and directed by Sidney Lumet, this trial film tells the story of a jury made up of 12 men as they deliberate the guilt or acquittal of a defendant on the basis of reasonable doubt, forcing the jurors to question their morals and values. In the United States, a verdict in most criminal trials by jury must be unanimous. The film is notableRead More12 Angry Men: Analysis of the Film Essays3916 Words   |  16 PagesAnalysis of The film 12 Angry Men Jason Lovett MBA 611 Richard Devos School of Business Management Northwood University Executive Summary The Movie Twelve Angry Men is the ultimate example of a group of people forced to interact in order to reach a single, defined goal. The jury, which consists of 12 men, must deliberate until a unanimous decision is reached. In this specific example, which takes place in a New York courthouse, the decision holds the life of an 18 year old in the balanceRead MoreFilm Analysis: 12 Angry Men Essay789 Words   |  4 Pagessure that a person is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, before sending a person to death. While watching the movie, 12 Angry Men, what seemed to be an open-and-shut guilty verdict for the jury, instead took a viewer through numerous ethical dilemmas, specifically dealing with prejudice, capital punishment, integrity, anger and hostility resulting in reasonable doubt. Overview of Film A young man who is 18-years is on trial for the first-degree murder of his father, who the prosecution is tryingRead MoreGroup Communication In 12 Angry Men935 Words   |  4 Pages12 Angry Men: Group Analysis Paper In 1957, the producers H. Fonda, G. Justin and R. Rose collaborated with the director S. Lumet to create the film, 12 Angry Men. In this paper, I will provide an analysis of the small group communication displayed by the main characters in the motion picture. I will discuss group communications, group development, group membership, group diversity, and group leadership. These topics will be dissected in order to properly examine the characters’ behavior. TheRead MoreGroup Decision-Making, Leadership, Influence and Power: Illustrations from the Film â€Å"12 Angry Men†1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe film â€Å"12 Angry Men (1957)† present a diverse group of twelve American jurors brought together to decide the guilt or innocence of a teenaged defendant in a seemingly open-and-shut murder trial case. The film illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of group decision-making, group developmental stages, leadership personality and models, social influence tactics and outcomes, and the bases of social power. The following advantages of group decision-making were demonstrated in this approximatelyRead More12 Angry Men Analysis909 Words   |  4 PagesMatter of Perspective: Heads or Tails The 1957 film 12 Angry Men is based around a group of twelve jurors as they decide the fate of a boy accused of murdering his father. From the very beginning the group is divided between those that think he is guilty, and those that don’t know. Every juror has their own opinion and reasoning behind their position, but there are two men that seem to become the backbones of their respective arguments. For the majority voting guilty, Juror #3 is the the criticalRead More12 Angry Men - Analysis3445 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction 12 Angry Men (1957) is one of the most acclaimed feature films of all time. It was produced at a time when the United States was just twelve years out of World War II and â€Å"Leave It To Beaver† and â€Å"Father Knows Best† broadcast across television airwaves the perfection, conformity and affluence of American life that had been generated by the Great War. Additionally, this film was listed on the university syllabus as one of three films to see in regard to this course, Management 610 – Contexts

William Shakespeare s Julius Caesar - 884 Words

Gustav Berner Mrs. Hillard Honors English 10 - F 15 January 2015 Julius Caesar Discussion 1.) Brutus’ trust in others and his love of Rome are his greatest faults. His tragic flaw is the trust he places in others. Brutus is easily swayed to trust Cassius when he plots to kill Caesar. Cassius uses his cunning to trick Brutus into believing Caesar is ambitious and that he is killing Caesar for the good of Rome. Cassius says to Brutus, â€Å"Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world like a Colossus, and we petty men walk under his huge legs...the fault, dear Brutus is not in our stars, but in ourselves, that we are underlings† (Shakespeare Act I. ii. 142-148). Cassius is speaking of how Caesar is becoming almost like a tyrant or emperor in the aspect that he is becoming more powerful than everyone else. Brutus love Rome dearly and does not want it destroyed or ruled by a tyrant or emperor. Therefore, Brutus is manipulated by Cassius into murdering Caesar. Later on after Caesar is murdered, Antony makes a speech that is full of irony. His speech tells of how B rutus says Caesar was an ambitious man, and that Brutus is an honorable man. Antony says, â€Å"Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man†¦ When the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept; ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man† (Shakespeare Act III. ii. 95-103). Throughout his speech, Antony says Brutus is an honorable man, and that Brutus said CaesarShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar1082 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Et tu, Brutà ©? Then fall Caesar† (III.i 179). The fatal stabs of the conspirators did not kill the all-mighty Julius Caesar, for the sharp butcher of Brutus pierced his heart and condemned his life to cessation. This dramatic, mood changing affair serves as the pivotal platform in William Shakespeare’s, Julius Caesar. It is a compelling novel that recounts the unjust murder of Julius Caesar, an ancient Roman general. Oblivious to this conspicu ous foreshadowing, Caesar fails to distinguish his trueRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar Essay1833 Words   |  8 Pages INTRODUCTION The seemingly straightforward simplicity of â€Å"Julius Caesar† has made it a perennial favourite for almost 400 years. Despite its simplicity, almost Roman in nature, the play is rich both dramatically and thematically, and every generation since Shakespeare’s time has been able to identify with some political aspect of the play. The Victorians found a stoic, sympathetic character in Brutus and found Caesar unforgivably weak and tyrannical. As we move into the twenty-first century, audiencesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar Essay2414 Words   |  10 Pages Christa Kiesling AP Lang Block 1 Mr. Snider 6 Nov. 2016 RA1 William Shakespeare, in his historical play Julius Caesar, makes the characters Brutus and Antony utilize rhetorical strategies in order to win the favour of the Roman people for their own purposes. These two speakers try to convince the audience of different things: where Brutus, who speaks first, was trying to subdue the passions of the mob and use logic to win acceptance for his murderous actions, Antony, who had to follow Brutus, wasRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar760 Words   |  4 Pagespeople of Rome. In Julius Caesar written by William Shakespeare, Brutus and Antony address the people over Caesar’s dead body. The body is brought to the town square shortly after he was murdered by the Senate. Brutus, one of the murderers, appeals to the people’s fear and patriotism. Antony speaks after and puts doubts of the justification of the murder and plays to the people’s hearts. Brutus addresses the crowd by using his reputation to support his reasons for killing Caesar. He starts his speechRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar804 Words   |  4 Pagesthe phenomenal, as well as tyrannical, Roman rulers throughout history, Julius Caesar is by far the most prominent. This fame is due in no small part to William Shakespeare and his play that bears the same name. However, although Caesar is the play’s namesake, the story’s central focus is on Brutus and Caius Cassius and their plot to assassinate Caesar. When discussing Antony’s fate in Act II scene 1 of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Brutus argues against what he perceives as the unnecessary and brutalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tragedy Of Julius Caesar919 Words   |  4 Pageschoices that eventually bring about their demise. At first glance, Caesar may appear to be the tragic hero, when the real tragedy actually lies in Brutus’s story in William Shakespeare s p lay The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. One tray a tragic hero must posses is that they are relatable. The play may be named for Caesar, but the reader simply knows more of Brutus and his motives, which help to make his story a tragedy more so than Caesar s. Brutus’ thoughts, actions, and history are made more apparentRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tragedy Of Julius Caesar1508 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"The Tragedy of Julius Caesar† was mainly based on the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar. â€Å"Julius Caesar† is a play based on rhetoric and politics. Rhetoric is the science of manipulation. Marcus Brutus, a Senate and a beloved friend of Caesar stood as the face among the conspirators leading the assassination of Julius Caesar. Aristotle said, â€Å"A man doesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his downfall†. He defined a tragic hero as someone who is highlyRead MoreThemes Of William Shakespeare s Julius Caesar 2063 Words   |  9 Pages Theme, Mood and Conflict in Julius Caesar Savannah Baine â€Å"Come I to speak at Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says that he was too ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man .† Mark Antony (Act 3,Scene 2,Line 85). â€Å"Julius Caesar† by William Shakespeare, is a classic play depicting the death of Caesar and the chaos that ensues afterwards. One theme in this play is fate vs. free will, the mood is seriousRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar1721 Words   |  7 Pagesusually stems from their own deep rooted hatred of a person and is often in some way personally benefiting to themselves. However, this is not the case of Brutus in Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar. Brutus’s plan to murder Julius Caesar does not make him a villainous man but a rather noble one. Despite his plot against Caesar, Brutus’s intentions were always one-hundred percent honorable. The first instance in the play where the reader learns of just how honorable a man Brutus is, is in Act 1, SceneRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar1201 Words   |  5 PagesDellinger English II 4/18/17 Julius Caesar There are many people you may have heard of that lived during 100 B.C.- 10 A.D. in Rome. Some of those people include Marcus Brutus, Cleopatra, Mark Antony, and Julius Caesar. In this paper I will be talking about Julius Caesar. And while doing so I will be talking about his early/personal life, his career, and his assassination. Julius Caesar was born July 12. B.C. as Gaius Julius Caesar, to Aurelia Cotta, and Gaius Julius Caesar. Julius was born with the Neurological

The processing of information begins Free Essays

The processing of information begins when energy as the idea of irritant reaches one or more of five senses of the human being. This contact takes place while physical approach to the irritant, which stirs to activity one or several senses. This idea demands from side, which executes communication, to choose those means of information transfer, personal or mass, which are able to embrace the target market. We will write a custom essay sample on The processing of information begins or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, when a person contacts with quite strong stimulus, his sensory perceptions become more active, and coded information transfers to his brains via nerve fibers. This effect is called sensation, which is influenced by the following three threshold determinations: 1. The lower (or absolute) threshold: it means the minimum quantity of stimulating energy or intensity, which is necessary to form the sensation. 2. The Extreme threshold: the point, in which additional increasing of stimulus intensity doesn’t affect the sensation. 3. Differential threshold: the minimum change of irritant intensity, which can be noticed by human being (Dictionary of Marketing and Advertising, p. 74). Some researchers of buyer behavior think that intensity of the irritant should be at least at minimum (absolute) threshold in order to make some influence on a buyer. The other think that irritants which are below the absolute threshold can influence the buyer as well – so-called conception of subconscious persuasion. We know that our sensory detection abilities go into a decline when we are getting older, so it is interesting to find out a way marketers appeal to the elderly people. The other thing we need to take into consideration is that during the life we are getting used to different sensation, so we have to increase the level of absolute threshold to attract attention. So, what is attention, particularly? It can be determined as direction of cognitive resources to process the irritant. One of the main difficulties for commercial company is to make a consumer to focus attention on some definite information, which has to be reported. Due to some sources, average consumer looks through three hundred advertisements per day. Average TW viewer looks through more then one hundred TV ads. It is pity, but a lot of such materials cannot attract attention, which is necessary to make some influence. The same situation you can see in trading as well. There are from 18 till 20 thousand different types of consumer goods in assortment of typical supermarket. The main problem there is marking out of one item from plenty of analogs at the market shelf and attracting of consumer’s attention as well. The factors which influence distribution of consumer’s limited resources can be divided into two main groups: personal (individual) and factors which have concern to stimulus. Besides, some emotional conditions of personality are used in publicity, such as feeling of self-confidence, reliability, self-satisfaction, creative abilities of human being, objects of love, strength, family traditions, immortality, etc. The second group of factors is called determinants, which relay to stimulus, it means these are characteristics of stimulus. The can be controlled, it means somebody can manipulate by them in order to increase or decrease the attention. So, it means that they are used quite often by companies in their struggle for buyer attention (Consumer Behavior, pp. 103-105). Let’s examine some factors used in order to attract the buyer’s attention by the example of elderly people, taking into consideration their peculiarities we spoke about a page before. Size: To tell the truth, the stronger irritant is, the higher is a probability that it will attract attention. In case you enlarge the size of printed advertisement, you’ll increase chances to attract buyer’s attention. Probability that the object will be seen in the shop, depends on size or quantity of trade space for this definite item. This is mostly important for impulse shopping, where sale depends partially from the fact how many place is given for the item. As elderly people often have poor eyesight, it is important to take into account size of type – it should better be bigger, then letters, typed on the items which are aimed for younger people. Some pharmaceutical companies make medicines which mostly are used by elderly people and write information for these medicines by big letters, in order to see description clearly. Color is also one of important factors. Color advertisements can increase sale for 41% more, than their black and white analogs. Moreover, some colors can attract attention more, then the other. We can examine some meanings of colors here. Red color – color of determination, can arouse strong desire to make some deed, for example to buy some item. Orange color can add activity, but at the same time will give the feeling if internal balance and spiritual harmony. Yellow color inclines to communication. It is the color of open mind and communication, at the same time it is able to provide the thing with intellect, so this is the reason that a lot of Hi-tech companies make their advertising in yellow color. Green is good in publicity of medicines, health centers. Pink increases the feelings, so it can be used in perfumery, goods for women and children, family centers etc. Blue is a color of peace and harmony, dark-blue – helps to concentrate at the very necessary. In 1959 Ris made a test (color Lusher test) in medical clinics of Leipzig University and tested 1000 people of different age, from children till elderly. He found that young people, especially in the age before 25, prefer red color. The elder people are, the more they like dark colors (Journal of Advertising, p. 15). Still, it is very difficult to influence attention of elderly people also because they due to their life experience can resist the publicity and advertising more then young people or children. LG Company made a mobile phone, which is specialized for elderly people. Marketers understand that it is quite difficult for elderly people to see small letters, press small buttons as well as learn new technologies. Still, the majority of elderly people prefer a basic number of functions – it means the idea â€Å"A telephone should be used to make calls only†, so LG made this telephone with elementary functions only. Big buttons and low price – are two factors by opinion of LG, which should satisfy demands of elderly. This model (LG NS1000) allows only making calls and receiving/sending SMS. Japan manufacturers of automobiles intend to start a new line of special automobiles for elderly people. As local Mass Media informs, such new and clever auto will help the driver to brake and to turn the wheel. They plan assembly-line production of such cars from the beginning of 2006. Auto will have numerous sensors and cameras, which can read all movements of hands, legs and eyes of driver and will determine mistakes in driving. At present time specialists analyze influence of age changes for physical reaction of driver and his ability to estimate situation on the road. In accordance with results a special computer program will be created to help elderly drivers. A prototype of new car is already developed, which will have speed till 60 km/h. The creators of new auto consider that this novelty will be of great success because of increasing quantity of elderly drivers in Japanese society. The cost of such a novelty will be approx. 9-13 thousand dollars. Now, let’s make the excursion to Austria, where one of the trading concerns makes an interesting experiment: this concern opened two supermarkets especially for elderly people. This experiment is interesting before all because representatives of the elder generation traditionally aren’t attractive group for retail trade: seems that they don’t have much money, and their demands are quite modest†¦ Still, almost in all European countries fast ageing of society takes place, and quantity of elderly people is increasing more and more†¦ So this supermarket in Vienna is a kind of test place, where technologies of servicing of quite specific client sphere, which is constantly increasing and becomes more important, take place. At the first sight, this is a very ordinary supermarket: long rows of shelves, relaxing music from dynamics†¦ But if you be attentive, you can notice some differences. For example, figures at the price-list: they are bigger, then usual. Some of shelves have magnifying glasses, in order the client will be able to see inscription at the goods, which are usually typed by small font. Besides, you can ask the cashier to give you glasses for reading. Just near the exit you can see a comfortable bench to have a rest, near it – the device to measure blood pressure. The cart for shopping has special hanger in order to put there a walking stick. The gangway between shelves is bigger then in usual supermarkets, and floor in the shop is made of special material, so legs don’t slide. Moreover, the shelves are made in such a special manner that elder person doesn’t have to bend down or stretch for goods he needs. All those novelties were highly appreciated by the clients. How to cite The processing of information begins, Papers

Utopian Communities Essay Example For Students

Utopian Communities Essay The word utopia, in its simplest form means a perfect world. In other words it is a society in which man has reached such perfection that he is able to build a social system based on justice, reason and unity. Since the beginning of history, people have dreamed of creating utopian societies and many are still trying. In the history of Utopian Communities, three of the most known utopian communities are the Shakers, Brook Farm, and New Harmony. One of the most well known utopian communities is the Shakers (The United Society of Believers). The community was organized by Ann Lee and founded in 1772. Ann Lee and others founded this community because they were so unhappy with the beliefs and values of those around them. The ever-growing complexity of society was not close to perfection for Ann Lee and others, provoking them to begin this community. The best-known Shaker beliefs are an emphasis on celibacy, and simplicity in their daily lives. These beliefs were key to the Shaker theology and lifestyle in the sense that they were seen as vital to the building of a truly selfless and spiritual community (Horgan 1982; Humez 1993; Robinson 1975). The Shakers practiced a religion that was also a lifestyle. The members lived in gender segregated, dormitory-like housing, but came together to work, and pray. The Shakers are Americas oldest and most successful experiment in communal living. A century ago, nearly 6,000 Shaker brothers and sisters lived together in nineteen communities scattered from Maine to Kentucky. Soon thereafter, with the decline in attraction and societys inability to be celibate, it became difficult to create a new generation of believers. The communities steadily declined and disbanded. Another community known as Brook Farm also desired a better way of life than the complex government and growing diversity around them. Brook Farm was designed to be a place where those with similar beliefs could succeed. Some say Brook Farm was, the best-known utopian experimental community in America, was founded by George and Sophia Ripley in the spring of 1841. The master plan was to create a place where thought would preside over the operations of labor, and labor would contribute to the expansion of thought. to insure a more natural union between intellectual and manual labor than now exists, to combine the thinker and the worker as far as possible in the same individual . . . (George Ripley). We will write a custom essay on Utopian Communities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Membership in the community was granted by the vote of established members after the purchase of shares. In return, individuals received free tuition in the communitys school or five percent annual interest and one years board in return for 300 days of labor. The work of members was centered around the six major activities of teaching, farming, working in the manufacturing shops, domestic endeavors, work on the buildings and grounds, and the planning of cooperative recreation projects. Social activities included picnics, lectures, boating parties, music, and dancing. Throughout 1842 and 1843, the community prospered and in one year was visited by as many as 4,000 guests, many simply curious Boston residents. Due to financial struggles, the community broke apart in 1847. New Harmony in Indiana is a community that began almost two hundred years ahead of its time. New Harmony was first a sanctuary for a spiritual utopia, yet later became a haven for international scientists, scholars and educators who desired equality in communal living. It was originally created for a place to have social justice, spiritual union of believers, which the founder Owens could not achieve in society. He desired to spread their beliefs and way of life to other believers and, eventually, non-believers in order to establish a peaceful world. .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .postImageUrl , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:hover , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:visited , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:active { border:0!important; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:active , .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878 .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucdb8e0397bb9abe2ff8e4a50e1740878:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Seattles Suburbs History. EssayThe beliefs were strong and the community desired as many members as possible to make people with similar beliefs have their own perfect place. They believed that the established church was corrupt and that man should communicate directly with God. They believed that the Harmony, which they were effecting in all worldly and spiritual affairs would help usher in the millennium. The Harmonists gradually adopted celibacy. Many of the Harmonists were married, but lived a chaste life. The community also believed in imitating the lifestyle of the first Christians as related in Acts 2:44-45 and 4:32. Harmonists also embraced the policy of complete a bsence of violence and maintaining universal peace which they hoped would spread from their community. Although the community started with a different purpose than what became, the community had a relative amount of success. They provide some reasonsReasons for the success of the Society: ? Excellent and inspired spiritual and economic leaders. ? A faithful, obedient, well-trained, and hard-working group of followers. ? A homogeneous group consisting mostly of families which had undergone the same religious experience. ? A common goal and incentive which was kept fresh by moving the group and building a new town three times. Hopefully one day society will be so beneficial to everyone that people will not feel the desire to go off and create there own communities. Do these communities even work? Between Shakers, Brook Farm, and New Harmony, two failed due to lack of interest and financial strain, and one succeeded, but with results different from the original ideas. It is apparent that the success of a utopian community is extremely difficult to accomplish. Bibliography:

Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary

Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Free Online Research Papers There are two different types of organizations within organized crime and these organizations are called the bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. In this paper we will compare distinctions between the bureaucratic and patron-client organizations and this will include some similarities and differences between the main models of organized crime and why these models are important for understanding organized crime. Bureaucratic organizations are formal and consist of regulations, rules, protocols, and procedures that will keep the lower ranked members from making decisions without administrative approval. This can be known as the red tape rule where the formal documentation must be processed by administration before any definite decision can be made. The patron-client organization the lower ranking members are allowed to take it upon themselves to obtain outside contacts, conduct business, outside resources without any approval as long as the organization is benefited by the decisions that are made on their part. This in turn could be why the members involved in bureaucratic organization blame failures and financial issues on the administration and the patron-client organization all the members are held accountable for success or failure of the organization. The patron-client organization and bureaucratic organization are both popular techniques in the ordering of government or legitimate capitalistic enterprises. Bureaucratic organizations are a very big part of the United States examples would be state government, local government and all the other government agencies abroad. In organized crime it can be looked at as a benefit that imposing the organizational structure into an illegal enterprise and also by putting distance through human bodies and the bureaucratic position and the lower ranks. This is also a self-preserving mechanism since you want secrecy. Both the patron-client organization and the bureaucratic organization both want to make their organization look like a legitimate institution so they are not caught by the law. Research Papers on Models of Organized Crime Executive SummaryMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Project Managment Office SystemCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThree Concepts of PsychodynamicIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalCapital PunishmentNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeResearch Process Part One

Definition and Examples of Vehicles in Metaphors

Definition and Examples of Vehicles in Metaphors In a metaphor, the vehicle is the figure of speech  itselfthat is, the immediate image that embodies or carries the tenor (the subject of the metaphor). The interaction of vehicle and tenor results in the meaning of the  metaphor. For example, if you call a person  who spoils other peoples fun a wet blanket, wet blanket is the vehicle and the spoilsport is the tenor. The terms  vehicle  and  tenor  were introduced by British rhetorician  Ivor Armstrong  Richards in  The Philosophy of Rhetoric  (1936). Richards emphasized the tension that often exists between vehicle and tenor.   In the article Metaphor Shifting in the Dynamics of Talk, Lynne Cameron observes that the multiple possibilities evoked by a vehicle are both derived from and constrained by speakers experience of the world, their socios and Observations below. Also see: Dead MetaphorThe 100 Most Important Words in EnglishNew RhetoricSource DomainTenor13 Ways of Looking at a MetaphorWhat Is a Metaphor? Examples and Observations Tenor and VehicleBecause he was dissatisfied with the traditional grammatical and rhetorical account of metaphor, which he believed emphasized its merely decorative and embellishing powers, I. A. Richards in 1936 reintroduced this pair of terms . . . with the notion of a borrowing between and intercourse of thoughts. Since any metaphor at its simplest  gives two parts, the thing meant and the thing said, Richards used tenor to refer to the thing meant- purport, underlying meaning, or main subject of the metaphor- and  vehicle to mean the thing said- that which serves to carry or embody the tenor as the analogy brought to the subject. . . .The vehicle, [Richards said], is not normally mere embellishment of  a tenor  which is otherwise unchanged by it but . . . vehicle and tenor in cooperation give a meaning of more varied powers than can be ascribed to either.(Norman Friedman in  The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 4th ed., ed. by Roland Greene,  Stephen Cush man et al.  Princeton University Press, 2012) Time Bombs as Vehicles- Unambiguous vehicle terms are those that people agree about: there is consensus about what properties they represent. One example of an unambiguous vehicle is time bomb. People agree that time bomb epitomizes something that can cause considerable damage at some unpredictable time in the future.(Sam Glucksberg,  Understanding Figurative Language: From Metaphor to Idioms. Oxford University Press, 2001)- Some three decades after China launched its highly controversial policy restricting families to having one child, the  government  may soon allow a two-child policy to curb a demographic time bomb. . . .The law is believed to have resulted in millions of forced abortions, and has left China with the combination of a rapidly ageing population, a shallow labour pool and an imbalance in the sex ratio. The result is a demographic time bomb.(Kashmira Gander, China May Scrap One-Child Policy to Curb Demographic Time Bomb. The Independent [UK], July 23, 2015)- Wed ged in the narrow space behind us was the umbrella stroller that held Teddy, slumped over in exhausted, jet-lagged sleep. We’d carried him up the stairs like a drunken rajah.We were all ravenous from our morning walk through the greenery of Yoyogi Koen, but I was acutely aware that the ticking time-bomb of the slumbering 1-year-old could interrupt our meal at any moment.(Bonnie Tsui, Traveling to Tokyo With Three Generations. The New York Times, December 3, 2015) Tenor and Vehicle in A Blackbird SingingBy tenor, [I.A. Richards] meant the purport or general drift of thought regarding the subject of a metaphor; by vehicle the image which embodies the tenor. In these lines from R.S. Thomass A Blackbird Singing, the tenor is the birds song, its tune; the vehicle is the fine smelting image in the fifth and sixth lines:It seems wrong that out of this bird,Black, bold, a suggestion of darkPlaces about it, there yet should comeSuch rich music, as though the notesOre were changed to a rare metalAt one touch of that bright bill.(Tenor and Vehicle, J.A. Cuddon, A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Basil Blackwell, 1991)Tenor and Vehicle in William Staffords RecoilIn William Staffords poem Recoil, the first stanza is the vehicle and the second stanza is the tenor:The bow bent remembers home long,the years of its tree, the whineof wind all night conditioningit, and its answer Twang!To the people here who would fret me downtheir way and make me bend:By remembering hard I could startle for homeand be myself again. I.A. Richard and Vehicle and TenorA modern theory would object, first, that in many of the most important uses of metaphor, the co-presence of the vehicle and the tenor results in a meaning (to be clearly distinguished from the tenor) which is not attainable without their interaction. That the vehicle is not normally a mere embellishment of a tenor which is otherwise unchanged by it but that vehicle and tenor in co-operation give a meaning of more varied powers that can be ascribed to either. And a modern theory would go on to point out that with different metaphors the relative importance of the contributions of vehicle and tenor to this resultant meaning varies immensely. At one extreme the vehicle may become almost a mere decoration or coloring of the tenor, at the other extreme, the tenor may become almost a mere excuse for the introduction of the vehicle, and so no longer be the principal subject. And the degree to which the tenor is imagined to be that very thing which it only resembles also varies immensely.(I.A. Richards, The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 1936) Criticism of Richards Theory- As Manuel Bilsky points out, if someone says his mind is a river, mind is the tenor and river the vehicle; but in I walked into the river, what is the tenor and what is the vehicle? This criticism does not vitiate Richards theory; it does indicate the kinds of problems that remained to be clarified.(J. P. Russo, I.A. Richards: His Life and Work. Taylor, 1989)- In her brief assessment of [I.A.] Richards approach, [Christine] Brooke-Rose also notes that the very terms tenor and vehicle destroy the interaction Richards seeks to stress.(Brian Caraher, Intimate Conflict. SUNY Press, 1992) Pronunciation: VEE-i-kul

Civilization depends on the repression of instincts. How would Kant Essay

Civilization depends on the repression of instincts. How would Kant and Nietzsche respond to this statement - Essay Example The first ideal denotes the Kantian epitome of a republican civilization, while the other culture is categorized by Nietzsche’s Dionysian concept of confusion. The main variation amid these two kinds of cultures stems from the role of the individual in their organizations, which opens the way for the debate on ethical philosophy and its connection with consideration of the normal world (Owen) (Bennett) (sapere-aude). It is evident that Civilization comes as a result of human interaction with nature, administering it to work to his advantage. This stages the fact that humans are in constant trial to look for ways to ease our mandatory tasks in the environment. The process however involves gradual change of simple systems in place, to a more societal complex system. With a complex system in place, more ideas emerge to even simplify the complexity and thereby additional developments come in handy. This illustrates that civilization is a continuous process. This paper talks on the sway of the moral philosophies discipline of Kant and Nietzsche, which is inspired by their dogmatic thoughts. The discussion is divided into two chapters to deal with the subject. The first section examines the concept of knowledge centered on classical understanding of the disciplines and metaphysics. This explains that the classical origin of natural sciences in addition to metaphysical inferences regarding the nature of authenticity, which shapes Kant’s work (Nietzsche 90). Section two replicates Nietzsche’s probe concerning the significance of morality grounded in metaphysics and conventional science. This study opposes that Nietzsche’s designs, in relation to the fact that civilization is subject to the domination of instincts, are symptomatic of his reflections through representational world-view which he replicates in an imaginative expression. Kant was popular for his proclivity to reason and possession of a logical command. This explains the fusion of natural and

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

Homework - Essay Example Although the advancement of technology is so rapid that some programs or hardwares become easily outdated, there are still some activities that cannot be done using the Internet. In the future, I hope that there will be available programs where we can watch the stars or the galaxy through the telescopes used by astronomers in different parts of the world. It is like telescopes linked to each other through a computer and people all over the world can see through them through the internet real time. Location based services [LBS] is the capability to identify the location of a particular person or mobile device and connect with a different device or individual (Burgess, 2010). Currently, almost everyone uses LBS when they use different social media sites like blogs or when they check-in their locations using Facebook, Instagram or Twitter. LBS is also used to be able to navigate in areas that an individual may not be familiar with, and reduces the amount of time spent trying to locate establishments. Real time updates through Global Positioning System [GPS] also gives real time updates of traffic and accidents on the road so it will be really helpful so commuters can plan ahead and the time needed to travel will be more readily estimated. Even location of road constructions are provided, so a commuter can easily avoid these areas without having to run into traffic. To a certain extent, LBS is a good tool, because for certain applications it makes transportation more efficient and helps individuals plan properly, and this saves a lot of time, in a broader perspective. However, if the technology gets infiltrated by people with bad intentions, or terrorists, for that matter, LBS will no longer be beneficial at all. This may lead to threats, even security and safety issues because locations and activities of individuals may be monitored and mapped without the person being fully aware of it.

Stupefying Symbolism In The Yellow Wallpaper English Literature Essay

Stupefying Symbolism In The Yellow Wallpaper English Literature Essay In Charlotte Perkins Gilmans short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator, whose name is not given, has been placed in the top of an old house in a room with yellow wallpaper. The woman had just undergone child birth and is going through a nervous condition (Gilman 721). As the woman stays in the room, she becomes obsessed with the yellow wallpaper plastered to the walls of her room. Within the literal factors of the story, are symbols that show the underlying message of the story; symbols such as the room, writing in her notebook, and the yellow wallpaper. The story, when simply read, shows a woman slowly going insane, but when read critically, the reader is able to see a deeper significance captured in the symbols that lie in the story. The room that the narrator is staying in is an isolated one at the top of the house, containing nothing but a bed that is nailed to the floor and the yellow wallpaper that she tremendously dislikes (724). The isolated room is her place to write when alone, though she believes that her husbands sister thinks it is the writing which made me sick (724). The writer might infer from the latter statement that the isolated room is a symbol of a safe-haven for the narrator. As the story drew to its closing, the narrator locks herself in the room from both her husband, John, and his sister, Jennie, calling to them that the key is down by the front door under a plantain leaf (731). She was attempting to finish peeling the wallpaper back to stand behind it and the room was her only thing keeping her family out (731). Though the narrator was insane by this time, the reader can infer that by locking herself in the room and her family out, she felt safe there. The narrator writes in her notebook throughout the story, keeping it hidden from her family, and taking it out only when they leave the room (724). The notebook symbolizes a hint of stableness in, what seems to be, a deeply oppressed life of the narrator. An example of said oppression is when the narrator writes, There comes John, and I must put this away,he hates to have me write a word. The narrator believes that the writing is not making her sick and proves so when she writes about Jennie, I verily believe she thinks it is the writing which made me sick! But I can write when she is out, and see her a long way off from these windows (724). As the story draws to a close and the narrator has begun to end her writing sessions, she goes insane. The reader might draw the conclusion that her writing was the only thing that was keeping the narrator sane. The yellow wallpaper, which the narrator refers to as paper, symbolizes the repression of the narrator by her husband, and eventually, freedom from said repression (721). Throughout the story, the narrator tells her audience of her dislike for the yellow wallpaper, describing the color as repellent, almost revolting: a smouldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight. It is a dull yet lurid orange in some places, a sickly sulphur tint in others (722). The narrator states that, when she asked him to repaper the room, John [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] meant to repaper the room, but afterward he said that I was letting it get the better of me, and that nothing was worse for a nervous patient that to give way to such fancies. He said that after the wallpaper was changed it would be the heavy bedstead; and then the barred windows, and then that gate at the head of the stairs, and so on (723). The reader can pull from the latter statement that John was only making up excuses. He knew that his wife was upset by the paper and still would not change it. The narrators statements, Ive got out at last and in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back shows that the narrator has realized that the wallpaper was a way her husband oppressed her from life, and by tearing it off the wall, was able to become free (731). Some might argue that the narrators room is not a symbol of a safe-haven, but the symbol of imprisonment. As for writing in her notebook, some might dispute that symbolizes rebellion, instead of stability. Others may consider that the yellow wallpaper symbolizes the narrators sanity, and not repression. Though the points stated are logical to an extent, there are grounds to take a different approach to the symbolism of said symbols. Those who believe that the narrators room is a symbol of imprisonment may see the room in this way because of the blandness of it, the fact that the bed is bolted to the floor, and the reality of the narrator not being permitted to leave the room. What said people need to see is that the room is not imprisoning the narrator, her husband is. The room symbolizes security for the narrator because, as stated previously, the room is the only thing giving the woman the occasion to write. Some believe that the narrator writing in her notebook symbolizes rebellio n because she states, I did write for a while in spite of them, but what those people fail to see is that she did not does (721). The narrator felt only love towards her family and knew that it bothered them to see her write, so, she only did so when they were out of the room. The notebook symbolizes stability because it is only while writing in the notebook that the reader sees that the narrator is sane. It is not until the reader begins to tell a story, rather than write down events, that she turns insane. As for the yellow wallpaper representing the narrators sanity, some may see that as the wallpaper gets removed from the wall, the narrators sanity gets ripped away with it. What said people do not comprehend is that the narrator is slowly removing years of oppression that her husband laid on her. She states, in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back (731). The latter quote shows that the narrator realizes how oppressed she was by her husband and refuses to go back to being repressed by him. When read simply, The Yellow Wallpaper, portrays a woman who is slowly going insane, and by the end has a mental breakdown. After looking at the short story critically, one must notice the use of symbolism in the story. The secluded room that the narrator stays in symbolizes a sanctuary, giving the narrator time to write when her family is away. The narrator writing in her notebook symbolizes the stability in the narrators life that slowly deteriorates as the story draws to an end. Last, but not least, the horrid yellow wallpaper symbolized the oppression that the narrator undergoes from her husband, and when finally removed, the freedom. The symbols displayed in The Yellow Wallpaper give the story a stronger underlying meaning, and to the narrator, by her audience, a sense that she was not completely insane, but a woman who found independence in something as ugly as yellow wallpaper. Work Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. Exploring Literature: Writing and Arguing About Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay. Frank Madden. 4th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009. 496-501. Print.

Leadership Styles Essay

Nursing Armon Copeland Chamberlain College of Nursing 351: Transitions to Professional Nursing Spring Term 2011 Introduction Leadership in the 21st century has been redefined. As leaders we provide the voucher and guidance to begin the journey, while the managers are the ones who drive the team to the destination. Leadership is something you know when you see it, but is very challenging to describe. Leadership development in the nursing profession is important because it directly impacts the care that is delivered to patients. It is critical that the entire senior leadership have the self-same vision or mental image of what the organization intends to aim for as structure, management and organization in terms of changes for a solid foundation. Leadership Leadership is a blend of personal characteristics, abilities, strategies, and circumstances that enable a leader to influence individuals and organizations to accomplish a goal. Although there is no single formula for becoming a successful leader, some common elements include self- confidence, courage, a clear vision of the goal and how to reach it, the ability to clearly communicate the goal as well as strong personal commitment, and the ability to inspire trust and respect among followers. Leadership differs from management in that leadership is a combination of personal qualities and abilities whereas management is a process. Leaders are more likely to be effective when they use the management process to achieve goals. Managers are more effective when their actions demonstrate leadership qualities; thereby earning the respect and trust of those they manage (Hamilton, 1996). Styles of Leadership Transformational and Transactional leadership styles are two very different methods of leadership in the nursing profession. This paper will compare and contrast these two leadership styles and support that transformational leadership style encourages quality care, job fulfillment and improved patient outcomes. The traditional authoritarian style of leadership the top-down directive approach has largely been replaced with a more democratic and/or participative style, which involves such collaborative behaviors as consulting, discussing, cooperating, or negotiating. No one style is effective for all situations, however, so flexibility is important. For example, an authoritarian approach may be the most effective in dealing with acute situations when decisions must be made and implemented quickly. Rapid technological growth, increased diversity in the workforce, and growing complexity within organizations has led to changes in the way effective leadership is defined. Leadership researchers and theorists define good leadership as â€Å"future-oriented rather than present-oriented and as fostering followers’ commitment and ability to contribute creatively to organizations† (Eagly, 2007). Political scientist James McGregor Burns (1978) described this type of leadership as transformational leadership. Transformational leaders establish themselves as role models by gaining followers’ trust and confidence. They establish the organization’s goals, plan how to achieve the goals, and innovate. As Eagly (2007) explains, â€Å"Transformational leaders mentor and empower their subordinates and encourage them to develop their potential and thus to contribute more effectively to their organization. † Researchers also describe a more conservative type of leadership as transactional leadership, in which leaders establish exchange relationships with their frontline employees. After clarifying objectives and subordinates’ responsibilities, transactional leaders reward those who meet objectives and correct them when they fail to meet objectives. The word politics is a loaded term, heavy with images of shady characters in smoke-filled rooms, wheeling, dealing, and often stealing. But politics is really a neutral term. According to Policy and Politics for Nurses, â€Å"Politics means influencing, specifically, influences the allocation of scarce resources. Politics is a process by which one influences the decisions of others and exerts control over situations and events. It is a means to an end† (Mason et al. , 2002). Becoming influential is something that can be learned, and it has as much to do with attitude as with behavior. Both aspects are necessary (Sullivan, 2004). Becoming influential includes such skills as understanding power and how to use it, communicating effectively, understanding the political process, and dealing with difficult people and situations. Conclusion â€Å"Work hard, play by the rules, be nice, be polite, hold yourself accountable and you will get ahead. Our mothers were right, up to a point. Taking that advice, you do get ahead and your hard work is rewarded until you hit the glass ceiling. Or, as one physician called it, the â€Å"gauze ceiling. † Being the best at what you do is not enough to break through the gauze ceiling into positions of leadership. It’s not enough to have clinical skills; you need political skills as well. Leaders make a difference in their world by influencing others to support the leader’s vision or cause. To make a difference, you need political skills. Everything is political in the work environment, professional organization, community, and government. References Hamilton PM. (1996). Realities of Contemporary Nursing, 2nd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley. Eagley AH. (2007). Female leadership advantage and disadvantage: Resolving the contradictions. Psychology of Women Quarterly 31:1–12. Mason DJ, Leavitt JK, Chaffee MW. (2002). Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. Sullivan EJ. (2004). Becoming Influential: A Guide for Nurses. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Definition and Examples of Belles-Lettres in English

In its broadest sense, the term belles-lettres (from the French, literally fine letters) can refer to any literary work. More particularly, the term is now generally applied (when used at all) to the lighter branches of literature (The Oxford English Dictionary, 1989). Until recently, belles-lettres has similarly been used as a synonym for the familiar essay. Adjective: belletristic. Pronunciation: bel-LETR(É™). From the Middle Ages until the late 19th century, notes William Covino, belles-lettres and rhetoric had been inseparable subjects, informed by the same critical and pedagogical lexicon (The Art of Wondering, 1988). Usage note: Though the noun belles-lettres has a plural ending, it can be used with either a singular or plural verb form. Examples and Observations The emergence of a literature of belles-lettres in Anglo-America reflected the success of the colonies: it meant there now existed a community of settlers who took settling in the New World enough for granted not to write about it. Instead of histories, they wrote essays in which style mattered as much as content and sometimes more . . ..Belles-lettres, a literary mode that originated in 17th-century France, signified writing in the style and service of cultivated society. The English mostly kept the French term but on occasion translated it as polite letters. Belle-lettres denotes a linguistic self-consciousness testifying to the superior education of both writer and reader, who come together more through literature than through life. Or rather, they meet in a world reconstructed by literature, for belles-lettres makes life literary, adding an aesthetic dimension to morality. (Myra Jehlen and Michael Warner, The English Literatures of America, 1500-1800. Routledge, 1997)Reporting tr ained me to give only the filtered truth, to discern the essence of the matter immediately and to write about it briefly. The pictorial and psychological material which remained within me I used for belles-lettres and poetry. (Russian author Vladimir Giliarovskii, quoted by Michael Pursglove in Encyclopaedia of the Essay, ed. by Tracy Chevalier. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1997) Examples of Belle-Lettrists Often the essay is the favoured form of the belle-lettrist. The works of Max Beerbohm provide good examples. So do those of Aldous Huxley, many of whose collections of essays . . . are listed as belles-lettres. They are witty, elegant, urbane and learned--the characteristics one would expect of belles-lettres. (J.A. Cuddon, A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory, 3rd ed. Basil Blackwell, 1991) Belletristic Style A piece of prose writing that is belletristic in style is characterized by a casual, yet polished and pointed, essayistic elegance. The belletristic is sometimes contrasted with the scholarly or academic: it is supposed to be free of the laborious, inert, jargon-ridden habits indulged by professors.Reflection on literature has most often been belletristic: practiced by authors themselves and (later) by journalists, outside academic institutions. Literary study, beginning with research on the classics, became a systematic academic discipline only in the 18th and 19th centuries. (David Mikics, A New Handbook of Literary Terms. Yale University Press, 2007) Oratory, Rhetoric, and Belles-Lettres in the 18th and 19th Centuries Cheap print literacy transformed the relations of rhetoric, composition, and literature. In his review of [Wilbur Samuel] Howells British Logic and Rhetoric, [Walter] Ong notes that by the close of the 18th century orality as a way of life in effect ended, and with it the old-time world of oratory, or, to give oratory its Greek name rhetoric (641). According to one of the literature professors who occupied the chair of rhetoric and belles lettres established for Hugh Blair, Blair was the first to recognize that Rhetoric in modern times really means Criticism (Saintsbury 463). Rhetoric and composition began to be subsumed into literary criticism at the same time that the modern sense of literature was emerging . . .. In the 18th century, literature was reconceived as literary work or production; the activity or profession of a man of letters, and it moved toward the modern restricted sense, applied to writing which has claim to consideration on the ground of beauty of form or emotiona l effect. . . . Ironically, composition was becoming subordinated to criticism, and literature was becoming narrowed to imaginative works oriented to aesthetic effects at the same time that authorship was actually expanding. (Thomas P. Miller, The Formation of College English: Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in the British Cultural Provinces. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997) The Influential Theories of Hugh Blair [Throughout the 19th century, prescriptions for] fine writing--with their attendant critique of literary style--advanced an influential theory of reading as well. The most influential exponent of this theory was [Scottish rhetorician] Hugh Blair, whose 1783 Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres was the text for generations of students. . . .Blair intended to teach college students the principles of expository writing and speaking and to guide their appreciation of good literature. Throughout the 48 lectures, he stresses the importance of a thorough knowledge of ones subject. He makes it clear that a stylistically deficient text reflects a writer who doesnt know what he thinks; anything less than a clear conception of ones subject guarantees defective work, so close is the connection between thoughts and the words in which they are clothed (I, 7). . . . In sum, Blair equates taste with the delighted perception of wholeness and posits such delight as a psychological given. He makes t his remark by way of connecting taste with literary criticism and concludes that good criticism approves unity above all else.Blairs doctrine of perspicuity further connects least effort on the readers part with admirable writing. In Lecture 10 we are told that style discloses the writers manner of thinking and that perspicuous style is preferred because it reflects an unwavering point of view on the part of the author. (William A. Covino, The Art of Wondering: A Revisionist Return to the History of Rhetoric. Boynton/Cook, 1988)

Meaning of Kazoku in Japanese

Kazoku is a Japanese word meaning family. Pronunciation Click here to listen to the audio file. Meaning family Japanese characters Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¦â€"  㠁‹ã Å¾Ã£   Example Uchi wa gonin kazoku da.㠁†ã  ¡Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¤ º ºÃ¥ ® ¶Ã¦â€" Ã£   Ã£â‚¬â€š Translation I have a family of five.